System Planning Standards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

System Planning Standards - Research Paper Example Moreover, location of the airport was done off the busy city of Hong Kong where the previous airport was located. The new airport took the safety of passengers into consideration and the new airport has several runaways which are long for any kind of airplane. The Hong Kong international airport operates one of the most efficient cargo and passenger handling system. The airport is the largest cargo handling airport and it has one of the biggest passenger terminals in the world. The airport makes use of scanners and mechanized operation to handle cargo (Davenport,  2008). In terms of environmental protection measures the airport is served with railways and roads that ensure little waste is polluted to the air and the environment. Moreover, the airport design allows for a lot of lighting through transparent glass and building design that ensures little energy is used (Conklin, 2006). The airport design and construction was done in consultation of many bodies such as the FAA and several regulatory procedures were followed in the airport

How to Prevent Nuclear Chemical and Biological Threat Essay Example for Free

How to Prevent Nuclear Chemical and Biological Threat Essay In recent years, people from all around the world have already seen the reports about nuclear, chemical and biological accident frequently from the news media, which have been increasingly threatening the survival of human security. When we are fully aware of the threat of nuclear, chemical and biological accident, we should learn that what target measures should be taken to hold the harm of accidents. With the development of high-tech, various military weapons have appeared in the world increasingly. But what hidden behind the success is not only the consumption of resources, but also the huge impact on human itself. So here are some measures as follows. Firstly, the government should propaganda knowledge on nuclear, chemical and biological accidents to the people, such as posters and seminars. Because there are many people who do not learn about these risks appropriately. Secondly, the immune prevention and drug prevention are two good ways o prevent the danger. Inoculation of various vaccines in advance can improve the body immunity, reduce or even avoid biological weapons against the damage and greatly reduce the power of biological weapons. Thirdly, people should be well prepared with emotion before these danger especially avoid being panic. Just take Japanese nuclear power plant explosion in 2011 as an example, people were lost their mind at that time, especially it was the unwise behavior for them to buy lots of salt. Finally, when facing nuclear, chemical and biological risks, authority should take the corresponding preparation and strategies, the relevant education departments should strengthen the national defense education of the contemporary students. In addition, when facing the great benefits the high-tech brings us at the same time, we should recognize the unfavorable factors.

Two Faces Of Multiple Personality Disorder Psychology Essay

Two Faces Of Multiple Personality Disorder Psychology Essay Multiple Personality Disorder, or Dissociative Identity Disorder, as it is now identified by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV -TR) continues to be a disputed diagnosis after decades of diagnoses, treatment, and research. Psychiatrists, medical doctors, psychologists, counselors and social workers, as well as attorneys and judges, continue to seek the validity of this mental disorder. While the primary concern of those in the medical community is a correct diagnosis in order to direct treatment, the legal community relies on a proper diagnosis to determine both guilt and sentencing for those who use the diagnosis to plead a not guilty by reasons of insanity defense. Despite the lengthy battle between the opposing sides debating the actual existence of the disorder, the disorder will be included in the May 2013 edition of the DSM V. Neither the medical nor the legal community doubts the need for therapy or counseling of some form for these patients. However, the proper treatment is, or should be, directly related to an accurate diagnosis. Determining the validity of Multiple Personality Disorder continues to be, after all these years, a serious concern. The question remains, Is there sufficient scientific research to prove the validity of Multiple Personality Disorder? I was 23 years old when the movie When the Rabbit Howls aired on television. The true story film adaptation of Truddi Chases story of extreme child abuse and subsequent diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder was a horrific tale of severe family dysfunction leading to vicious sexual abuse beginning at the age of two. Despite the massive volume of books I have read, the many movies watched, and the television shows viewed, none of them continue to haunt me as this movie has. Apparently, I was not alone in my fascination of Truddi Chase. Oprah Winfrey invited her to be the first guest on her radio program, as well as an early guest on her television program. Chase later returned in 1990 for a second interview on the Oprah Winfrey Show. Her appearance on the Oprah Winfrey Show was later listed as one of TV Guides Top 25 Oprah Moments. Chase claimed to have 92 distinct personalities. Despite my awe and fascination of the life of Truddi Chase, I am left wondering; is this possible? Does this disorder actually exist? To be able to blame all of our faults, sins, or shortcomings on another, someone other than our self could be the ultimate fantasy for some. If one is caught in a compromising position of sexual infidelity, drug use, driving under the influence or any other serious crime, one could simply wake up and claim someone else did this, another self. To walk benignly through life accepting responsibility for only the noble deeds we perform, the good we display, would that not be the best of all possible lives? Perhaps. Or perhaps it is a life of tormented existence, lost time, forgotten experiences, disrupted, fragmented pieces of a life half lived. While some claim Multiple Personality Disorder was diagnosed as early as the 1800s, the first famous or possibly infamous case in the United States was the case of Christine Costner in 1951. The classic 1957 film, The Three Faces of Eve was the story of Dr. Corbett Thigpen, a young neuropsychiatrist who treated Christine Costner (called Eve White to protect her identity) in 1951. The existence of more than one personality became manifested gradually during treatment, in 1952. After about 100 therapy sessions over 2-3 years, Ms. Costner seemed well. Ms. Costner subsequently wrote three autobiographical books. She revealed her identity in 1977 (as Chris Costner Sizemore, her married name). She has claimed that she actually had about 20 personalities, that they were not resolved until years after her treatment with Dr. Thigpen, and that they were not the result of childhood trauma, as she had reported during treatment. (Atkinson, 2009) Even after this rather dubious case, the disorder did not fully manifest itself until after the renowned story of Sybil in the 1970s. Sybil was a television miniseries, based on a 1973 book by science journalist Flora Rheta Schreiber. Sybil Dorsett was a pseudonym for the patient, Shirley Ardell Mason. Dr. Schieber was asked to write a book by the patients psychiatrist, Dr. Cornelia Wilbur while Dr.Herbert Spiegel was asked by Dr. Wilbur to consult on the case as a hypnotist. The hypnotist reported he did not think that Ms. Mason had MPD, he believed Dr. Wilbur had suggested this to her patient, and that Ms. Masons allusions to separate personalities amounted to game playing in a hysterical patient prone to dissociation. He said that Ms. Mason told him that she had read The Three Faces of Eve during her therapy and was impressed by it. According to Dr. Spiegel, Ms. Schreiber visited him and said, But if we dont call it a multiple personality, we dont have a book! The publisher wants it to be that; otherwise it wont sell. After treatment (more than 2,000 sessions), Ms. Mason always maintained the truth of her claims of experiencing multiple personalities (16 in all) and childhood physical and sexual abuse by her mother. (Atkinson, 2009) After the popular movie of Sybil, the diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder ballooned from perhaps no more than 100 beforehand to 40,000 or more 20 years later, mainly in North America. (Atkinson, 2009) Was it merely cases of misdiagnoses? Or was this a new phenomenon, a new disorder? There are many reasons I believe the diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder to be faulty, overzealous, or patently untrue. I will attempt to provide both sides of this argument for or against the validity of this diagnosis as I found many professionals weighing in. Psychiatric, as well as medical diagnosis can change. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was first published in 1952. Since then it has been through five revisions the newest edition DSM V coming out in May 2013. According to the current DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic criteria for Dissociative Identity Disorder300.14 must include the following, A. The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self).   B. At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the persons behavior.   C. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.   D. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., blackouts or chaotic behavior during Alcohol Intoxication) or a general medical condition (e.g., complex partial seizures).  Note:  In children, the symptoms  are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) Therefore, my first argument would be that Multiple Personality Disorders appearance in the DSM was late in being included and has changed with each issuance of the manual. Multiple Personality Disorder did not appear in the DSM until 1980, the Third Edition. The criteria and terminology changed in the 1994 DSM IV edition, and according to Helen Farrell in Current Psychology, the American Psychiatric Association Work Group has proposed new diagnostic criteria for DID for DSM-5, which is scheduled to be published in May 2013. (Farrell, 2011) I have been unable to find the proposed changes, but am anxious to see if they were approved and what those changes are. The questions remain. Why was this disorder not observed in a number of patients prior to the 1980s? Why does the criterion continue to be so difficult to define? Many of the patients diagnosed with MPD have been found to have been highly suggestible and easily hypnotizable, with a tendency to fantasize, and unreliable in their counseling sessions. Roland Atkinson reports Subjects who are highly hypnotizable (virtuosos) may self-induce trance states or respond to a therapists instruction to enter such a state with rudimentary, or even unwitting, cues. Thus, personalities may also have been cued, even if they seemed to have emerged spontaneously. In such circumstances, patient and therapist alike may inadvertently and honestly believe in an MPD diagnosis, and in memories of childhood trauma, which are not valid. This may have occurred in the filmed cases; that is, both may have been at least partly iatrogenic in origin. (Atkinson, 2009) Iatrogenic means Induced in a patient by a physicians activity, manner, or therapy. (Dictionary, 2000). In fact, it is not until the person is in therapy do they become aware of the multiple personalities. (Leuder Sharrock, 1999) (Murray, 1994) The patient becomes aware of these alter egos through regression therapy or hypnosis. Most of the patients discover they were sexually abused as children, causing such trauma, the child forms another personality to deal with the pain and mental stress. (Piper Jr., 1998) The argument for the lateness in the diagnosis of MPD in patients is the clients use of repression, denial, and rationalization. According to John Murray in The Journal of Genetic Psychology, the alter egos may present themselves only during a window of diagnosibility and be unable to detect at later times, remaining latent in the patient. (Murray, 1994)The MPD symptoms may be present in one session only to disappear in another, much like bipolar depression symptoms. The issue of childhood sexual abuse also becomes an issue of concern in the MPD diagnosis due to the difficulty in proving abuse. Sexual abuse is very hard to confirm in a child, it becomes even more difficult in an adult victim of child sexual abuse. This is NOT to say the abuse never happened, merely that it is difficult to substantiate. As the clients are highly suggestible, implantation of false memories becomes easily arguable. A few of the memories are so bizarre as to be unbelievable, consider the following one patient claimed to have witnessed a baby being barbecued alive at a family picnic in a city park; another patient alleged repeated sexual assaults by a lion, a baboon, and other zoo animals in her parents back yard in broad daylight. (It should be mentioned that both therapists in these cases are prominent MPD adherents, and neither appeared to have any difficulty believing these allegations). (Piper Jr., 1998) Independent corroboration would be very helpful in cases such as these and certainly helpful in the prosecution of current cases today, but, alas, this has never been, and will doubtfully ever be, the case. The preponderance of sexually abused patients succumbing to MPD leads to another factor of the disorder. Ninety percent of the patients are women. (Atkinson, 2009), but it has been reported to have been as high as 92 percent in a 1996 study. (Murray, 1994) Ruling out gynecological concerns, I can think of no other illness with such a high rate of gender inequality. However, one must take into consideration that girls are subjected to higher rates of childhood sexual abuse than boys are. Another concern deals with how psychiatrists and other professionals diagnosis MPD. The doctors assert that they had been alerted to the possibility of MPD when a client reported such benign symptoms as headaches, insomnia, listlessness or forgetfulness. Even more ridiculous was the absolute randomness and inanity of the following diagnostic clues reported by August Piper Jr. glancing around the therapists office; frequently blinking ones eyes; changing posture, or the voices pitch or volume; rolling the eyes upward; laughing or showing anger suddenly; covering the mouth; allowing the hair to fall over ones face; developing a headache; scratching an itch; touching the face, or the chair in which one sits; changing hairstyles between sessions; or wearing a particular color of clothing or item of jewelry In one case known to the author, a leading MPD proponent claimed that the diagnosis was supported by behavior no more remarkable than the fact that the patient changed clothes several times daily and liked to wear sunglasses. (Piper Jr., 1998) With such diagnostic alerts to the doctor, one cannot be surprised at the large number of MPD cases some doctors had the opportunity to treat. MPD diagnosis and treatment became a cottage industry for some self-promoting doctors and therapists. In his article Film, fame, and the fashioning of an illness, Atkinson believed the films portraying Sybil and Eve perpetuated this mass diagnosis. Many cases shared features in common with false memory phenomena, such as the influence of coercive suggestion by therapists in producing the desired but invalid memory reports of highly susceptible patients. (Atkinson, 2009) There are many diagnostic tools used by therapists to confirm the MPD diagnosis. A few include: Structured Clinical Interview for Dissociative Disorders, Dissociative Disorder Interview Schedule, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Farrell, 2011) (Murray, 1994), as well as the Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (Murray, 1994). Most notable in all of these tests and diagnostic tools is that they are all self-reporting. While many would argue you cannot beat the test, I find that argument to be untrue in some cases, particularly if an eager or leading therapist coaches the patient. However, Murray contends in a blind test for 63 adult psychiatric patients, using the MMPI MPD profile, and correctly identified 68% of the 25 MPD patients. The MMPI seemed a valuable aid in diagnosing MPD. (Murray, 1994) The fact that no clear, specific method of treatment for MPD has been established also deals a blow to MPDs validity. Even staunch supporters, such as David Hartman MSW of the Wellness Institute and psychologist Dr. John B. Murray agree that there are no particular methods of treatment and that it was all still very experimental. Some of the methods currently being used are psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, behavior modification, group therapy sessions (with some difficulty, I will not mention the humor I found in this, as I was unsure if the group therapy would include multiple personalities and one physical person), psychodynamic therapy, the use of sodium amobarbital (a drug with sedative/hypnotic properties) and of course hypnotherapy. (Murray, 1994) (Piper Jr., 1998) (Hartman, An overview of the psychotherapy of dissociative identity disorder, 2010) (Hartman, Treatments for dissociative disorders, 2010)While hypnotherapy often led to the initial diagnosis, it is also part of the t reatment. However, Murray warns while Hypnosis is usually a constructive intervention, it can be misused. (Murray, 1994) And while hypnosis provides access to secret personalities, it may enhance rather than repair the dissociation process. (Murray, 1994) In his support of hypnosis, he continues, hypnosis is useful in therapy when it helps MPD patients understand and use the past and present for better self-understanding and direction. (Murray, 1994) There are several diagnoses which MPD patients could also be diagnosed. A few include, schizophrenia, affective disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders other than MPD, depression, bipolar disorder, even drug abuse. Prior to the diagnosing of MPD, I would hope all other possible disorders be completely ruled out, rather than MPD being ruled in. Again, despite being a advocate of the validity of MPD, Dr. John B. Murray writes, MPD features can overlap with other psychiatric diagnoses, and clinicians have been wary of inducing MPD in patients and of treating MPD patients. (Murray, 1994) He, too, recognizes the danger of MPD inducement! Though life may often be stranger than fiction, I found the ridiculousness of the many reports derived from MPD cases to further cause my doubts of its validity. I will list several I found particularly absurd. C. A. Ross writes of alters that force [the patient] to jump in front of a truck. [The alters] then go back inside just before impact, leaving the [patient] to experience the pain (Piper Jr., 1998), or the French woman who spoke no German would suddenly speak in another language. Carter writes, as her French self, she could remember everything she had said or done during her previous French episodes. As a German woman, she knew nothing of her French personality. (Carter, 2008) Some multiple even have different immune systems and bodies, Felida X, for example, had three different personalities, each with their own illnesses. One of them even had her own pregnancy, unknown, at first, to the others. (Carter, 2008) The fact that some alter egos can create their own alter egos is a lso incongruous. Sheila claimed she consciously chose a masculine identity. (Layton, 1995) Another absurdity are the form alter egos may take according to their therapist, There are alters of people of the opposite sex, of the treating therapist, of infants, television characters, and demons. Alters of Satan and God, of dogs, cats, lobsters, and stuffed animals even of people thousands of years old or from another dimension have been reported by MPD proponents. (Piper Jr., 1998) And lastly in the area of ridiculousness, throughout the reading about MPD, I found time after time, journal article after journal article, from proponents to nay-sayers, asserting that the alter personalities identities,, alter egos, ego states, personality states or merely alters, could number two, sixteen, ninety-two, two thousand, or even ten thousand! How does a therapist keep up with these characters? After all, many are deceitful, some are aging, some stay nine years old, some will split yet again, some will be hidden, and others will be repressed. Keeping track of the multiples would create a full-time job for a therapist with a single patient! Lastly, MPD simply does not meet the legal test. Some in the legal community have said the diagnosis may be the most controversial diagnosis introduced into the criminal justice system. (Hafemeister, 2009) In fact, most recently, courts have rejected the admissibility of DID evidence, including expert testimony, because the scientific evidence failed to meet reliability standards, and therefore is not ultimately useful to the judge or jury. (Farrell, 2011) The State of West Virginia has also spoken to the validity of this controversial diagnosis, Similarly, in State v Lockhart (2000), Mr. Lockhart contested his conviction of first degree sexual assault on the basis that he was not permitted to present evidence of DID to support his insanity defense. The West Virginia Court held that the diagnosis of DID was speculative and therefore did not meet reliability standards for evidence. (Farrell, 2011) Does it matter? Does a diagnosis of Multiple Personality Disorder versus another matter? I maintain that it does. Billy Milligan, a serial rapist from Ohio in the 1970s, was excused from any criminal responsibility with his diagnosis of MPD. In Current Psychiatry, Helen M. Ferrell writes, The court declared serial rapist Billy Milligan insane due to lack of one integrated personality and therefore not culpable of the crimes he committed. Public outrage was extraordinary. Since this case, most DID defenses have not been successful. (Farrell, 2011) Public outrage was extraordinary. Indeed! I am sure it was. As I suggested previously, being able to blame all of our faults, sins, or shortcomings on another, someone other than our self, could be the ultimate fantasy for some. Commit multiple rapes? Milligan would simply wake up and claim someone else did this, his other self. Another case making this argument matter, is the woman in Chicago who consulted a psychiatrist for depression. He concluded that she suffered from MPD, that she had abused her own children, and that she had gleefully participated in Satan-worshiping cult orgies where pregnant women were eviscerated and their babies eaten. Her failure to recall these events was attributed to alters that blocked her awareness. No one had produced any evidence for the truth of any of this, no one had seen her do anything unusual, no one had come forward to say they had participated in satanic activities with her. But no matter. The doctor notified the state that the woman was a child molester. Then, after convincing her that she had killed several adults because she had been told to do so by Satanists, he threatened to notify the police about these criminal activities. The womans husband believed the doctors claims. He divorced her. And, of course, because she was a child molester, she lost custody of her children. (Piper Jr., 1998) The validity of a MPD diagnosis also matters so we, as counselors, therapists and others in the mental health field can provide appropriate treatment to these patients. For, despite the label we may wish to give an illness, the illness MUST be treated. Multiple Personality Disorder was a fad, a psychological trend, a craze, perhaps. Therapists, the public, even Oprah Winfrey, became enthralled by these captivating stories of abuse, human survival and the minds incredible fortitude. However, the diagnosis has led to more harm for the patients, abuse from malingerers, and prevented those with true mental illnesses from receiving the treatment they need and deserve.

Managemente and Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

Management and Leadership Are you a manager or a leader? This is a question that has been asked from consultants to corporations. An organization needs both management and leadership. It is good for a corporation to understand the differences between the both. I think Leaders and Managers have very clear and distinct qualities but highly interconnect together. Skilled set management and leadership are needed to achieve organizational goals. Depending on the size of an organization, management and leadership roles may be carried out by the same person, or by multiple managers who carry out the two roles. I believe that a leader is one who guides people in a certain direction to accomplish a certain goal. Every business needs leadership. Leadership is on of the ways managers affect the behavior of people in the company. In history most of the great accomplishers became leaders for an unpredictable special quality they had that let them rise to the occasion when needed. In an organization today, a leader may not necessarily be the CEO of a company. The CEO will oversee the company as a whole, whereas a manager or supervisor of a department will be the point of contact that an employee will look to for direction. Being a leader is not the same as being a manager. A leader can lead people in a certain direction, whereas a manager can manage people in their jobs. Management has put together people in groups or organizations that will help the company drive to improvements. The bi...

The Tell-Tale Heart

The Tell-Tale Heart In his narrative poem The Tell-Tale heart, Edgar Allen Poe tells the story of an insane madman who is in love with an old man’s eye. The story begins with the madman telling us how he loves the old man but wants to kill him because of his eye. The old man’s eye is like none other and resembles a vulture’s eye. And Poe instills his poem with the same despair experienced by the narrator by using characteristics that are typical of gothic literature such as, High Emotion, Mysterious Atmosphere’s, and Spooky Visions. One gothic element that Poe uses throughout The Tell-Tale Heart is high emotion.This is first apparent when the old man heard someone in the room. The old man sprung up terrified and said â€Å"Who is there? † alert as can be the old man stayed up and put out a terrified groan. The horrific groan of the old man contributes to the high emotion feel of the story. The other gothic element Poe uses throughout The Tell-Tale H eart is a mysterious atmosphere. This was first noticeable when the madman crept into the old man’s room and said â€Å"The room was black as pitch with thick darkness† And within the room the madman had to carry with him a lantern to see clearly.The pitch black room certainly contributes to the mysterious feel of the story. The fact that the old man is asleep and lives in a creepy place makes the story have a mysterious atmosphere. More Gothic elements Poe uses throughout The Tell-Tale Heart are Omens, Portents, and Visions that the mad man haves. These first appeared at the beginning when the mad man said: â€Å"I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and rid myself of the eye forever. † The mad man was having vision of killing the old man.The mad man started hearing a loud unbearable ringing in his ears after he buried the body under the floor and the cops came in. All of these examples certainly contribute the omens, portents, and visions occurrin g in this narrative. Tell-Tale Heart is a classic story about a mad man who stalks and kills someone because of his eye. The madman was so in love with this eye that he would be willing to take the life of an innocent old man. Deep down inside the madman’s conscious wouldn’t let him live.The madman thought everything was going to be okay but the only person that wouldn’t let him go on was himself. As the cops where talking he got an annoying ring in his head and it wouldn’t stop until he came clean. It is not surprising that this narrative poem ends on such an unhappy note, because Poe places that tone throughout the poem. By using things that are typical of gothic literature like High emotion, Mysterious Atmospheres, and Crazy Visions, Poe creates a poem that is wrapped in Mystery. The Tell-Tale Heart The Tell-Tale Heart In his narrative poem The Tell-Tale heart, Edgar Allen Poe tells the story of an insane madman who is in love with an old man’s eye. The story begins with the madman telling us how he loves the old man but wants to kill him because of his eye. The old man’s eye is like none other and resembles a vulture’s eye. And Poe instills his poem with the same despair experienced by the narrator by using characteristics that are typical of gothic literature such as, High Emotion, Mysterious Atmosphere’s, and Spooky Visions. One gothic element that Poe uses throughout The Tell-Tale Heart is high emotion.This is first apparent when the old man heard someone in the room. The old man sprung up terrified and said â€Å"Who is there? † alert as can be the old man stayed up and put out a terrified groan. The horrific groan of the old man contributes to the high emotion feel of the story. The other gothic element Poe uses throughout The Tell-Tale H eart is a mysterious atmosphere. This was first noticeable when the madman crept into the old man’s room and said â€Å"The room was black as pitch with thick darkness† And within the room the madman had to carry with him a lantern to see clearly.The pitch black room certainly contributes to the mysterious feel of the story. The fact that the old man is asleep and lives in a creepy place makes the story have a mysterious atmosphere. More Gothic elements Poe uses throughout The Tell-Tale Heart are Omens, Portents, and Visions that the mad man haves. These first appeared at the beginning when the mad man said: â€Å"I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and rid myself of the eye forever. † The mad man was having vision of killing the old man.The mad man started hearing a loud unbearable ringing in his ears after he buried the body under the floor and the cops came in. All of these examples certainly contribute the omens, portents, and visions occurrin g in this narrative. Tell-Tale Heart is a classic story about a mad man who stalks and kills someone because of his eye. The madman was so in love with this eye that he would be willing to take the life of an innocent old man. Deep down inside the madman’s conscious wouldn’t let him live.The madman thought everything was going to be okay but the only person that wouldn’t let him go on was himself. As the cops where talking he got an annoying ring in his head and it wouldn’t stop until he came clean. It is not surprising that this narrative poem ends on such an unhappy note, because Poe places that tone throughout the poem. By using things that are typical of gothic literature like High emotion, Mysterious Atmospheres, and Crazy Visions, Poe creates a poem that is wrapped in Mystery.

Freud - Father Of Psychology Essays - Freudian Psychology

Freud - Father Of Psychology Essays - Freudian Psychology Freud - Father Of Psychology Known as the father of psychology, Freud developed many of the first theories of modern physiology. His ideas and concepts will continue to be studied through the years. He put forth many new concepts about sexuality, consciousness, unconsciousness and instincts. He spent his whole life devoted to discovering the secrets of the human nature. Personally I think this guy was weird. Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiburg. The town of Freiburg later became Pribor and was eventually absorbed into the modern state of Czechoslovakia. Freuds father, name Jakob Freud was a Jewish wool merchant. Freuds mother Amalie Nathanson was from Galicia. She was Jakobs second wife. Sigmund had eight brothers and sisters in all. Two of which were from Jakobs first marriage. The other six were from Amelia. His first influences to science were when he heard lectures on Goethe. In 1873 he applied to the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna, here was where he changed his name from Sigismund to Sigmund. He earned is doctorate in medicine and worked as a research assistant under Ernst Von Brucke, as a neurologist. In 1882, Freud became interested in the effects and benefits of cocaine. He spent long hours recording the effects they had on his body. These studies hurt his status as a scientist because other scientists already documented the harmful effects cocaine h as on the body. In 1886 Freud started his first office of neurology in Vienna. That same year he married Martha Bernays. This marriage produced six children named Mathilde, Martin, Oliver, Ernst, Sophia and Anna. Also around that time in 1885 he produced his studies on hysteria. In 1900 Freud published his first book called the Interpretation of Dreams, which made him famous. The next year he published Psycho Pathology of Everyday Life. Also in 1901 he became an associate professor of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Vienna, where he gained his doctorate. Later he founded the International Association of Psychoanalysis in 1910. In 1920 he was hired as a full professor of the University of Vienna where he gained vast experience with patients, sometimes spending up to twelve hours with single patients. Also in 1920 he published Beyond the Pleasure Principle. In 1923 Freud became ill with cancer. To deal with the pain Freud developed an intense and uncontrollable cocaine ha bit. In 1939 Freud died of cancer in London at age 83. His daughter Anna later became a pioneer creating child psychoanalysis and founding the Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic. Freud developed theories about the parts of the conscious and unconscious which developed during the first eight years of life. He separated it into three parts: the id, ego and super ego. The id possesses the instincts that we gain at conception. The id is the most important part of the three components. The id provides the basic necessities, such as the will to survive, obtain food and seek shelter. The ego drives the voluntary behavior of the human body. It is the link between the id and the outside world. It is gives one as the ability to choose. The egos main job is the awareness of stimuli. The id and the ego control the demands of instincts and they have many important defenses against anxiety. Displacement directs energy onto another object, e.g. blaming others. Rationalization, sublimation, and regression are among the other defense mechanisms of the id and ego. The third and last aspect of the mind is the super ego, also known as the conscience. It basically maintains the i nformation learned from the parents admonitions through the early years of life. It represents lessons and experiences a human goes through during his/her lifetime. Freud developed a theory that each of the three basic mental parts keeps each other in check. Like the checks and balances system our government uses. So that each has a specific power over the other but all are equal. Freud tried to narrow down all the needs the mind wants to only the basic necessities or libido. Freud sought to break down childhood into four basic periods of conflict. Anxiety occurs if the needs of the child are not met.

Mcdonaldss Environmental Factors in Marketing Essays

Mcdonaldss Environmental Factors in Marketing Essays Mcdonaldss Environmental Factors in Marketing Essay Mcdonaldss Environmental Factors in Marketing Essay The most important part of a company’s marketing plan is its environmental plan. A business’s environmental plan can include such thing as ecological, political, technology ethical issues, social, and cultural issues. McDonald’s is known as a global company that is can face many of the previous mentioned environmental factors mentioned previously. McDonald’s is a company that has businesses worldwide and is a company that has to deal with many of these factors. Any of the environmental issues ecological, political, technology ethical issues social and cultural issues can affect McDonald’s marketing plans. McDonald’s can be affected by any of these factors within any area of the U. S. and not just foreign countries. â€Å"McDonald’s has more than 30,000 local restaurants in more than 120 countries, 70% of the restaurants worldwide are owned, and operated by independent, local businessmen, and businesswomen† (McDonald’s Global, 2007). The Lewis says, â€Å"That larger environmental factors can usually affect the way companies such as McDonald’s market worldwide with many factors being considered for all of their restaurants. High-level Domestic and even global environments as well just depending on the area of the market, then marketing strategy will have to change. One example would is China, cause China’s government has control of the majority of all their business. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) largely maintained control over the political content of mass media communication. Television, radio, and newspaper commercials voice party lines and party slogans† (Lewis, 2002). Only advertising can go out through the air waves only after it has receive the okay or permission from the CCP and is tagged with a political ad, many other issues could affect the business is for McDonald’s and their Business. An example of this could be a country like India sense they do not eat beef of any kind, but most people will think about a Big Mac for, example when McDonald’s is mentioned or thought of. In India one will find wo totally different menus known as the veggie and none-veggie menus in restaurants. The none-veggie menu has chicken items, but it does not have hamburgers sense the country’s people do not eat beef. Domestic factors can also affect marketing strategies. Even state to state one can find differences in each individual state. If one orders a chicken sandwich in the state of Louisiana, their sandwiches are made spicy without it bei ng requested. In New York one will not find chicken biscuits listed on the menu. Here it is common for a consumer to find chicken biscuits most anywhere. Companies have changed the way they will market their products and service because of modern day technology and how it effects business decisions. McDonald’s can be found almost anywhere on the World Wide Web offering all form of promotions. When I was doing my research on the Internet researching information on McDonald’s can find different website for McDonald’s in different countries. I could also view the menus in each of the countries where I found the website operated by McDonald’s for advertising in each of the countries. Each website is written in each different countries langue’s each individual country uses. Technology has changed the way advertising is done through advertising on televisions commercial. Today’s technology has reached a point where programs can be recorded for later viewing on what is known today as DVR systems. These programs can be watched and also can be used to help skip the commercial that have been recorded during the taping of a program. Companies today will advertise in the movies and TV programs itself to help in preventing their commercial from being skipped. One can see this when watching a programs or movies that has recently or within the last few years has been produced. Advertisement is being used for different companies on the back and side walls of trucks and vans. Social Responsibility and Ethics Social responsibility and ethical behavior is not just the right thing to do but also good for business. â€Å"This may not be the easiest thing to accomplish. Many companies have to write practices for social and ethical behavior, but it takes more than a policy it takes commitment from the whole company† (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). McDonald’s is also known to have employees to review yearly as teams and individuals the integrity policy. All countries will differ in both social and ethical and ethical behavior. One thing that comes to mind is the simplifies thing such as people in the United States see the receiving of gifts as ethical but some countries see it being unethical and consider an insult if a gift is offered to anyone but refused. Company can have different factors to deal with when trying to develop an excellent marketing plan. McDonald’s domestic and global environmental factors have a tremendous effect on how the company does business all around the globe. One can be no matter where you are or what country you are in, when visiting McDonald’s in a market that has a food or products will taste something like the McDonald’s food in the United States of America. As one can see many different issues have to be addressed when doing business. The countries have to be researched individually so not too fail when opening or operating a business in different parts of the world or even in different parts of the United States. Even when countries do not eat or sale products like beef, Companies like McDonald’s has to design their business to meet the countries likes and beliefs. As we have seen these countries that do not eat meat still has a McDonald’s and people from any part of the world can still visit a McDonald’s around the globe and still find foods and products that smell and taste just like those sold in the United States. Some countries do have strict governmental and religious beliefs that can affect a business in the worst of ways. McDonald’s is a business that spent a large amount of time and money studying these different factors before even going into a country to start a business. Technology today has been a huge factor in how businesses are designed, advertise, and connect with world today in ways we never would have dreamed of 20 or 30 years earlier. Many businesses could expand their customer base by simply putting company’s products and service on the web and still advertising local or within the area where they are located. References References Armstrong, G. , Kotler, P. (2005). Marketing: An Introduction (7th ed. ). Upper Saddle Lewis Retrieved November 19, 2010. Steven (October 12, 2002). Spiritual Civilization, Local Development, Retrieved November 19, 2010.

Grief paper Essays - Health, Grief, Abortion, Motherhood

Grief paper Essays - Health, Grief, Abortion, Motherhood Grief Support for Families Experiencing Miscarriage This research paper is to inform the reader about grief support for families experiencing miscarriage. A miscarriage, also known as a spontaneous abortion, is the loss of a pregnancy from natural causes before the 20th week of pregnancy CITATION Mis13 \l 1033 ("Miscarriage", 2013) . Approximately one in five known pregnancies ends in miscarriage CITATION Lim10 \l 1033 (Limbo, Kobler, Levang, 2010) . Vaginal bleeding is the most common complaint that brings pregnant women to the emergency department. One of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy is spontaneous abortion CITATION EmegerencyNursing \l 1033 (Evanovich Zavotsky, Mahoney, Keeler, Eisenstein, 2013) . Families experiencing miscarriage often move through the same stages of grief as one experiencing the death of a loved one. Mothers in particular often report high levels of anxiety and identify the loss as a baby, not just a fetus (E vanovich Zavotsk y et al. , 2013) . Miscarri age is often accompanied by many emotions such as emptiness and extreme sadness . Many women are concerned that they will not be able to become pregnant again or are worried about the possibility of experiencing another miscarriage CITATION And11 \l 1033 (Andersson, Nilsson, Adolfsson, 2011) . Part of the nurses role is to help patients and thei r families cope with their loss. Nurses should be able to provide emotional support as well as the appropriate teaching to help their patients grieve (Evanovich Zavotsk y et al. , 2013) . T his research paper will review the nursing process and an example case study to demonstrate the nurse ' s role in providing grief support to patients experiencing miscarriage. The case study is presented in the following paragraph. Marie, a 28 year old female presents to the emergency room with her husband. She is complaining of vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, and severe cramping. Marie is currently 17 weeks pregnant and this is her first pregnancy. The emergency room nurse takes Marie back to a room and takes a set of vital signs . Marie tells the nurse that she is bleeding so bad she is currently going through one pad an hour. The doctor ordered an ultrasound of the uterus to help confirm his diagnosis of a miscarriage ("How do Health Care Providers Diagno se Pregnancy Loss" , 2012) . On her way to the ultrasound, Marie was crying and expressed her concerns to the nurse. She stated she was worried that there was something wrong with her baby boy whom she'd already named Matthew. Upon return from the ultrasound the doctor entered the room to tell Marie and her husband that she was indeed having a miscarriage. When the doctor left the nurse went in to see how Ma rie was doing. Marie was crying. S he told the nurse that she had lost her baby boy. Marie told the nurse that she felt she had done something wrong and caused the death of her baby. Marie stated that since her body was not able to successfully complete the pregnancy there must be something wrong with her and that it was her fault. Women experiencing miscarriage "will many times assume responsibility for it" and feel guilty because "it was their body that did not successfully complete the pregnancy to term", making the miscarriage their fault (Ander sson, Nilsson, Adolfsson, 2011, p. 263 ) . Marie also states that she feels worthless because her body is not doing what it is supposed to do. She says she has always wanted a baby and doesn't know what she will do if she is never able to have a child. With these statements the nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis for Marie. The nurse forms a nursing diagnosis of grieving related to the negative effects and losses secondary to death as evidence by patient crying and expressing feel ings of guilt and worthlessness CITATION Car13 \l 1033 (Carpenito, 2013) . After determining the nursing diag nosis the nurse then goes on to develop goals for Marie to help provide grief support after the diagnosis of her miscarriage. For some people, miscarriage is "the loss of a wished-for child, imbued

Book review for The Gangster We Are All Looking For by Le Thi Diem Essay

Book review for The Gangster We Are All Looking For by Le Thi Diem Thuy - Essay Example Thuy gives us a shared feeling of the situation and we are placed in layers of captivity by the elders unintentionally though! The circumstances were beyond the control of the Vietnamese elders. Loss of identity and the ensuing struggles was the first phase in their life. Dealing with the consequences and ensuing struggle to get accustomed to the new surroundings was the second stage. The third stage was breaking free from the past and looking forward to the new horizons. By and large Vietnamese-Americans have translated into reality that every crisis is an opportunity and they have gone through the difficult process of establishing the new identity. One important question is whether the author is sincere about her writings. I have no doubt about that and she has recorded the narrations without any motivated desires and as such I give more credence to the narrations than any researched material. This history of this family is like the barometer of the history of Vietnamese people in relation to America. From destruction of identity to its reconstructions is not an ordinary effort. Certain features of the lost identity are lost forever and they can never be recouped, and the only possibility is their fond and painful recollection. The author asserts that she gets some satisfaction by thinking about the palm trees of Vietnam, her parent’s love story, the â€Å"gangster† dispositions of her father, and she even does not hesitate to name her mother as â€Å"bad ass†. The unfortunate incident of the death of her brother constantly bothers her. In the end, the novel leaves the reader directionless and destination-less. That perhaps was the plight of millions of Vietnamese people who suffered untold miseries on account of the long war. The suffering of the near and dear ones of the Vietnamese and Americans soldiers who died was also intense. Besides being a writer, Thuy, is a performing artist. She was born in Vietnam and her parents left Vietnam along with her. The family settled in San Diego. The author writes, â€Å"We live in the country of California, the province of San Diego, the village of Linda Vista.†(88)The author now lives in western Massachusetts. Her parents lived a violently troubled marriage and the author had to put on with this private family war and it must have impacted her psyche as an adolescent as her mind was impressionable. About her father the author writes, â€Å"...my father, a Buddhist gangster from the North...† (79) Like other Vietnamese who suffered on account of the war, the beginning of the new life was extremely tough for them, as they were seized with grief, longing and cravings for love. Every incident narrated in the story, has the reflection of these three elements. At the psychological level, the author enjoys a love-hate relationship with America. The atrocities committed by the American Army and the resultant devastation to many thousands of families were part of the hi story. America was then protector to a number of Vietnamese also, as the country was caught in an ideological civil war, which the author considers as more damaging than the American war. Coming to terms with the American way of life was not optional, but destined compulsion. She found everything new, the threatening technology embraced every segment of life, the cultural gap and the racist behavior of schoolmates, who clubbed all Southeast Asian immigrants as â€Å"

Delilah Montoya Jaramillo 1998 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Delilah Montoya Jaramillo 1998 - Essay Example A closer look and description of the picture ‘Jaramillo’ will help to reveal its meaning and intention. At the center of the picture is the image of our lady of Guadalupe tattooed on an outstretched arm. The hand belonging to the arm appears to grasp on some red and black colored roses at the bottom center of the picture. The arm appears to be that of a white person from its skin color. Parts of the arm that are not covered with the tattoo are hairy. The tattooed image of Our lady of Guadalupe or the Virgin Mary is covered in a white dotted robe from head to toe while the lady appears to stare below to her right as her hands are joined in an aspect of prayer. The lady appears to stand on the outstretched arms of a small winged angel who is seemingly supporting her with his outstretched wings. The outstretched arm in the middle of the picture appears to lie on the branches of the roses. The right of the picture is covered by red, pink, and black rose flowers. The top right of the picture is covered by red roses. The mid-right of the picture is covered by pink roses while the bottom right is covered by black roses. The red roses in the top right part of the picture appear bright when compared to those in the bottom right. The roses at the bottom right corner of the picture appear to be black in color; however, they can also be viewed as deep burgundy. The pink roses in the mid-right of the picture are light. They provide some spark of light to this section of the image. The roses on the right side of the image are thus are thus arranged in a manner that their color ranges from bright red at the top to light pink at the middle and deep burgundy or black at the bottom right. This variation in color change makes the picture interesting and provides some overall color scheme to the entire image and thus easy or pleasing to the

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems Assignment - 1

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems - Assignment Example The design of any equipment used at work is controlled and measured by various legislation, with the supply of machinery (safety) regulations 2008 covering the stepladder involved in this operation (Policy Group STSU, 2008). The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 cover the stepladders usage and maintenance throughout the operation (Policy Group STSU, 1998). This PUWER legislation requires that the equipment be ‘suitable for the intended use’ and ‘maintained in a safe condition’. Regular checks are required by this legislation, and all checks should be recorded to ensure that the equipment is in the best possible condition to prevent health and safety issues. Additionally, all employees concerned in the operation are required to have adequate training. To verify the competence of these employees, the PUWER legislation requires that all equipment must be used by those who have received adequate information with which to use the equipment safe ly. In this case, to ensure that all employees are competent, they must be shown the correct use of the ladder prior to the operation despite any prior training. For the chemicals, the correct safety procedure should be carried out and the employees should be familiar with the packaging to ensure they know the risks and signs. The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmopsheres Regulations 2002 (Disease Reduction Programme Office, 2002) requires that all substances that are flammable are controlled, and employers should ‘find out what dangerous substances are in their workplace and what the fire risks are’, as well as ‘put control measures in place to remove [or] remove’ the risks. Employees should be properly informed about and trained in the usage of these chemicals. The sealant, in this case, is the dangerous substance and the employees involved should be informed of the risks and training in its use. Finally, the welfare of the employees is also a concer n in enclosed spaces. The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 should be followed stringently to ensure that work in the enclosed space is safe, healthy and poses no risk to welfare. Checks Hazard Control Measure Results What else can be done? Safe? Spray Sealant Ensure all employees using this substance understand the risks of the substance and the emergency proceedures involved Spray Sealant Ensure all employees are provided with masks to prevent any damage to health from the sealant Ladder Ensure that ladders safety information is up to date and appropriate checks have been carried out Ladder Ensure all employees are trained in the proper usage of the ladder Ladder Ensure all employees are provided with hard hats to prevent damage to the head in the case of a fall Transport Ensure all employees have clean drivers licenses and are aware of the dangers of driving down private lanes (as well as normal driving dangers) Risk Assessment What are the hazards? Who might be harmed and how? Wh at are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Action by who? Action by when? Done? Ladder The employees using the ladder to access the sewer Ensuring that training and equipment is safe and in place. None Spray Sealant The employees in the confined space in which the sealant is being used Ensuring that all fire risks are assessed and removed as much as possible. All employees are aware of the evacuation procedure for this task. All employees have the appropriate equipment for this task.

Copyright Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Copyright Issues - Essay Example he originator realized that their contribution has received acknowledgement in different regions, and there is no mention of their name and contribution. Copyright laws have provided concrete protection to the misuse of art, however it fails to up bring and provides opportunities to other artist to work upon and carry forward the work of other master piece. Copyright laws have banned the duplication or any other form of plagiarisms, neither has it permitted any form of alteration or modification efforts of the individual for the improvement of the work piece. Therefore if Copyright laws are positive step towards protection of the master piece, however it has taken an offensive step against the emerging artist who seeks alteration in previous master piece. Therefore it is really important for the artist community to understand that the implementation of copyright laws have narrowed the spectrum of creativity that the young artist possessed to launch and experiment their skills in earl y stages. Internet has so far being partially successful in execution and implementation of the copyright laws, initially the services and offerings of the internet operated not under any international copyright agreement. During this period it was observed that the emerging artist seek guidance from the masterpiece available, this practice was enhancing their skills, but later when few of those involved themselves into malpractice the society realized that copyright laws needed to be implemented internationally. The positive aspects was ignored i.e. skills and motivations of the young artist was improving. The internet regulation and monitoring is however stable in developed countries, it is saddening to observe that in many developing countries like China, Pakistan and India, internet is still the frequent mode of plagiarism, all this is under the notice of the internet agencies based in United States and Europe, but no action has been taken because such regulations and violations

Create your own christian demonology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Create your own christian demonology - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to create a new Christian demonology within a particular period and context. The Christian demonology discussed in this paper belongs to the Medieval Period between the 5th to 15th century around the European region, where the belief in the power of demons and grimoires were widely existent during that era. This demonology evolved from the old Christian tradition, on basis of the scriptures, mentioning that the demons were the rebel angels that were cast down from the heaven by God. Though they are spiritual, immortal and immutable, like the good angels, these demons are not omniscient or omnipotent. As per the Christian demonology, the demons were intended to induce sin into the world by possessing and tormenting people in the world. The ultimate mission of the demons was to abandon the faith of God from the people and turn them into adversaries of God. The demonology of the Medieval Period identified demons as evil supernatural beings, who take control over the departed souls of men or their bodies for executing their evil schemes on earth. According to the biblical notion, they are the inhabitants of the Hell and whoever is possessed by these evil spirits are destined to do whatsoever the demons wish to. The demons were considered as the ‘elements of the world’ as supernatural being living in the air and ruling the entire universe. Paul writes in Galatians 4:3, we were in bondage under the elements of the world, which means that both the physical and spiritual cosmos comes under the power of these demons. What distinguishes this demonology is that the medieval demonology held a demonic plurality comprising not only the fallen angels as demons but also the evil spirits and souls of dead humans, in general. This is far from this demonology, as it takes the stand that the entire demonic world comprises of the fallen rebel angels, taking control over the whole world and the universe, for their evil possessions, after bei ng cast away from the Heaven to Hell. The demons exercised power over the world including the wind, water, air, sand as well as the stars and the entire universe. The peasant communities in this medieval period were particularly concerned of these demons as they hindered the nature. They comprised of various occults, witchcrafts, ritual magic and more for either abolishing or inducing the evil acts of the demons for various purposes. These demons also hold influences over the passions of mind, sexual, mania and melancholy by inflicting pain and pleasure. The witches and occultists make use of these demonic powers to perform their actions, choosing the demon with power of Hell that well suits their operations like seeing the future, seducing the object of lust, finding hidden treasure, etc. As the demons have control over the world, it possesses the humans and takes various physical forms for deceiving the world. In this Medieval Period the demons were believed to be the reason for t he pagan cults and other religious practices. It was thought that these rituals would help to expel the demons, by diminishing their evil acts and possession in the lives of humans. According to them, these cultic practices and rituals were the cause for their worshiping of demons which was indeed viewed as rebellious among the Church and Christian beliefs. Â  However, demonic administration used for handling magic, astrology, and mantic arts

The Specter of Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Specter of Terrorism - Essay Example Example: Al-Qaeda, Hamas, Taliban, Hezbollah, Tehrik-i-Taliban in Pakistan and Armed Islamic Group of Algeria. Offensive acts commonly committed by groups of terrorists are bombing in public places, raping women, kidnapping, torturing, wounding and murdering of civilians, political leaders, journalists and other distinguished characters in the society. Initiatives taken by the nations for abolishing terrorism can thus be highly justifiable. Particularly the United States and United Nations are giants and play significant roles in controlling the acts of terrorism in today’s world. This paper examines the increasing of terrorism in America and Middle East and the role on UN in resolving the problems associated with world terrorism. Involvement of US and UN in the security and political matters of other countries especially in the Middle East seems to have lead by other interests than terrorism. Example: US army invading Iraq in March 2003 is highly obscure. Initially Iraq was p resumed to cause a significant threat on the regional security of Middle East. Allegations made against Iraqi president were developing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) example, nuclear and chemical weapons and not cooperating with the international observers who were agents of the United Nations. Saddam Hussein who was the president during that time rejected all the allegations made by the US. Regardless of the president’s rejections UN placed sanctions upon trading with Iraq and later the war was declared. After a year Charles Duelfer who is an adviser of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) stated that Iraqi nuclear program was actually eliminated in 1991 and Saddam Hussein was right in rejecting the allegations made by the UN. One can argue that the former president of Iraq died fighting to protect the rights of his country’s sovereignty. And that US army was the actual terrorist who unlawfully used weapons against Iraqi population and its president. Further, no effo rt was taken to compensate the injustice caused by US against Iraq during the war. In a household survey carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Iraqi health ministry in 2007, it was revealed that the cost of human lives which were lost during the war is much higher than the cost of terrorism operated in Iraq. Initially the number of Iraqi civilian deaths has been not recorded by the international organizations. The actual cost of destroying the physical infrastructure and human capital had been carefully excluded from all the war accounts. Nevertheless the above survey revealed that US troops had killed civilians during the first two years of the war much more than the terrorist group al-Qaida ever did in Iraq (Steele and Goldenberg, 2008). The death toll of Iraqi civilians in fact exceeded one million. Moreover, the death toll of Iraqi children during the trade sanctions placed by the UN was half a million which exceeds the killings of actual nuclear bombing occ urred in Hiroshima (Albright, 1996). The opportunity cost of fighting in Iraq was substantially high for America as well. Example: The cost of fighting ten days in Iraq is equal to funding the continent of Africa for a year and eliminating illiteracy in the world (Crawley, 2008). Clearly the approach adapted by international governing bodies for ending the terrorism in the Middle East has many drawbacks. It is provocative and unjust in many ways. In a global economy where people die in starvation pumping millions of dollars

Copyright Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Copyright Issues - Essay Example he originator realized that their contribution has received acknowledgement in different regions, and there is no mention of their name and contribution. Copyright laws have provided concrete protection to the misuse of art, however it fails to up bring and provides opportunities to other artist to work upon and carry forward the work of other master piece. Copyright laws have banned the duplication or any other form of plagiarisms, neither has it permitted any form of alteration or modification efforts of the individual for the improvement of the work piece. Therefore if Copyright laws are positive step towards protection of the master piece, however it has taken an offensive step against the emerging artist who seeks alteration in previous master piece. Therefore it is really important for the artist community to understand that the implementation of copyright laws have narrowed the spectrum of creativity that the young artist possessed to launch and experiment their skills in earl y stages. Internet has so far being partially successful in execution and implementation of the copyright laws, initially the services and offerings of the internet operated not under any international copyright agreement. During this period it was observed that the emerging artist seek guidance from the masterpiece available, this practice was enhancing their skills, but later when few of those involved themselves into malpractice the society realized that copyright laws needed to be implemented internationally. The positive aspects was ignored i.e. skills and motivations of the young artist was improving. The internet regulation and monitoring is however stable in developed countries, it is saddening to observe that in many developing countries like China, Pakistan and India, internet is still the frequent mode of plagiarism, all this is under the notice of the internet agencies based in United States and Europe, but no action has been taken because such regulations and violations

The Specter of Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Specter of Terrorism - Essay Example Example: Al-Qaeda, Hamas, Taliban, Hezbollah, Tehrik-i-Taliban in Pakistan and Armed Islamic Group of Algeria. Offensive acts commonly committed by groups of terrorists are bombing in public places, raping women, kidnapping, torturing, wounding and murdering of civilians, political leaders, journalists and other distinguished characters in the society. Initiatives taken by the nations for abolishing terrorism can thus be highly justifiable. Particularly the United States and United Nations are giants and play significant roles in controlling the acts of terrorism in today’s world. This paper examines the increasing of terrorism in America and Middle East and the role on UN in resolving the problems associated with world terrorism. Involvement of US and UN in the security and political matters of other countries especially in the Middle East seems to have lead by other interests than terrorism. Example: US army invading Iraq in March 2003 is highly obscure. Initially Iraq was p resumed to cause a significant threat on the regional security of Middle East. Allegations made against Iraqi president were developing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) example, nuclear and chemical weapons and not cooperating with the international observers who were agents of the United Nations. Saddam Hussein who was the president during that time rejected all the allegations made by the US. Regardless of the president’s rejections UN placed sanctions upon trading with Iraq and later the war was declared. After a year Charles Duelfer who is an adviser of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) stated that Iraqi nuclear program was actually eliminated in 1991 and Saddam Hussein was right in rejecting the allegations made by the UN. One can argue that the former president of Iraq died fighting to protect the rights of his country’s sovereignty. And that US army was the actual terrorist who unlawfully used weapons against Iraqi population and its president. Further, no effo rt was taken to compensate the injustice caused by US against Iraq during the war. In a household survey carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Iraqi health ministry in 2007, it was revealed that the cost of human lives which were lost during the war is much higher than the cost of terrorism operated in Iraq. Initially the number of Iraqi civilian deaths has been not recorded by the international organizations. The actual cost of destroying the physical infrastructure and human capital had been carefully excluded from all the war accounts. Nevertheless the above survey revealed that US troops had killed civilians during the first two years of the war much more than the terrorist group al-Qaida ever did in Iraq (Steele and Goldenberg, 2008). The death toll of Iraqi civilians in fact exceeded one million. Moreover, the death toll of Iraqi children during the trade sanctions placed by the UN was half a million which exceeds the killings of actual nuclear bombing occ urred in Hiroshima (Albright, 1996). The opportunity cost of fighting in Iraq was substantially high for America as well. Example: The cost of fighting ten days in Iraq is equal to funding the continent of Africa for a year and eliminating illiteracy in the world (Crawley, 2008). Clearly the approach adapted by international governing bodies for ending the terrorism in the Middle East has many drawbacks. It is provocative and unjust in many ways. In a global economy where people die in starvation pumping millions of dollars

Sheila Change during Essay Example for Free

Sheila Change during Essay Sheila was shocked about this, but this was a contrast to between her and the rest of her family; as her family felt no emotion not a surprised or shocked expression in the room. Sheila was so shocked and disgusted about what her mother did she ended up turning on her mother Mother, I think it was cruel and vile. This shows us what Sheila really feels about her mother and she uses strong words against her mothers actions, but if we go back earlier Sheila would never turn on her own mother but because she wants everything to come out and she now see her mother for who she really is. When the inspector told Mrs Birling what she did was completely wrong and what if it happen to her, Sheila was shocked but Mr Birling mind wasnt really on what Mrs Birling did but was on if the press get hold of the situation -The Press might easily take it up-this shows us that Mr Birling takes up his own self interest, this tells us that he is a selfish man, he doesnt care about Eva but cares about the reputation of his family. In the beginning of Act 3 Eric comes in knowing that the family now knows of his drinking problem. It was Sheila that told the family about Eric, this made Eric angry and he feels that Sheila betrayed him You little sneak. This shows us that Sheila was being open about everything not keeping anything a secret which means she is an honest person. It also showed the relationship between Eric and Sheila because this mean the must be very close as the Eric told Sheila his secret trusting Sheila. When Sheila told Eric that she kept the secret for months I could have told her months ago, not of course I didnt. This shows that Sheila as protected Eric and shown loyalty to Eric by not telling their parents. Eric revealed how he came into contact with Eva Smith. Eva and Eric met in a bar and they had a few drinks but they got drunk and Eric insisted to stay with her for the night and that is when they slept with each other. They met again in the same bar and they talked with each other and they slept with each other again. Eric admitted that he wasnt in love with her but he liked her. They met up again and she told Eric that she was pregnant. Eva didnt want to get married because she knew that Eric didnt love her. He realised that Eva didnt have a job so stole some money from small banks his fathers companies had and he gave it to Eva but when Eva discovered the money was stolen so she stopped collecting the money. Eva didnt want to see Eric no more. Eric was wondering how come everyone knew that Eva was pregnant and he asked if Eva told them and Sheila said She told mother. This shows that Sheila is quick to let everything out in the open not letting anyone get away with anything. Eric was furious at his mother telling her that she killed her own grand-child. Before the fight got out of hand the inspector told them all that they all had a part in killing Eva Smith. He told them not to forget it. Telling them what they did exactly and telling Sheila that she didnt start the problem but Birling by not accepting her request. He told them how they all got to look after everyone else. After the speech the inspector leaves, leaving the family in disbelief. The family started again to have disagreements blaming it on each other. But they wonder if the inspector was a real inspector. Sheila says it doesnt matter who he was. The whole point of the inspector coming was to make the family think about their actions. We notice that Sheilas character changes after the inspector leaves. She starts to talk back to her parents, she becomes angry at them (flaring up) this shows us that she as started to stand up to her parents. Sheila tells her parents that they are being Childish. This shows that she has turned the tables on her parents making them see its their fault as well as Erics and hers. Later Gerald had turned up at the Birlings house. Gerald told the Birling family that Inspector Goole doesnt work for the police. This made the family puzzled. Gerald challenged the Birling family asking them is it the same they all saw which may not be true. They may not even know the same girl. The Birling family dont even know if there is an incident today. Mr Birling looks at them triumphantly and puts the theory altogether. They all came up with a conclusion that it was all a hoax. Mr Birling says Im convinced it is. No police inquiry. No one girl that all this happened to. No scandal-Then Sheila says No suicide? this tells us that Sheila is very thankful that there is no death or unborn life on her conscience but the rest of Sheilas family still dont care about Eva Smith, they only care that they is no public scandal. Mr Birling told Sheila that it was all over, Sheila says that everything did really happen but it didnt end in a tragedy so lucky for them she also says -But it might have done This tells us that Sheila is still thinking of what may have happened if there was a girl that died and that they should just make it has a joke. But Mr Birling mocks the fact that a girl might have died and he starts to mimic the inspectors last speech. He tells Sheila to go to bed and she says It frightens me the way you talk. This shows that Sheila is now disagreeing with her family values; she thinks that her family hasnt changed a bit since Inspector Goole was there. Sheila doesnt want a repeat of what happen again, she wants her family to change for the better. Sheila confronts her parents on how they are behaving Youre pretending everythings just as it was before. This is telling us that Sheila is quite upset that her family is pretending that everything is okay but her and Eric learnt their lessons. Unlike the rest of the family Sheila is calm and level-headed. Gerald holds up the ring to Sheila. This is history repeating itself as earlier in the story Gerald gave Sheila a ring announcing their engagement but this time Sheila says No, not yet. Its too soon. I must think. This tells us that she is not ready to step into her old role it also shows that she still doesnt agree with her family value and she knows her as to think about her this time and know what she wants instead of her parents pushing her to marry Gerald someone rich and of high class. So she turns Gerald down. In the beginning we portrayed Sheila as a very superficial person who was only knows the obvious. She is also a selfish and self-centred person like when she went to Milward only thinking about herself she got Eva Smith sacked from her she also said I couldnt be sorry for her. She heard that she got sacked and she showed no care for other people but herself. She was also an immature, childish and naive person. Sheila was at the bottom of the family which meant she was to answer if she was spoken to. She abused her status to get what she wanted like at Milward where she said she would persuade her mother to close the account they have with Milward unless they sack the girl. She is also a spoilt and inconsiderate person; she can get what she wants if she just uses the power that she has of an upper class citizen. We could see that she was very detached from reality; she didnt know what was going on in the outside world where there were people from the lower class and working class. Sheila doesnt really speak for herself You talk as of we are responsible- Then Birling says (cutting in) Just a minute Sheila This shows that her father wont really allow her to express her own point of view. As we come to the end of the story Sheilas character changes dramatically as she finds out who else was responsible for Eva Smiths suicidal death. Sheila is an independent and takes responsibilities of her actions I know. I had her turned out of a job. I started it. Sheila is willing to take part of the responsibilities of the death of Eva Smith. She is also a changed woman You and I arent the same people who sat down to dinner here this also shows that she know as well that she is a changed woman. She is also very perceptive and inquisitive she is knows what her mother had done before her mother admitted and she is very inquisitive saying to the inspector I dont understand about you. Sheila now also listens to her conscience knowing when Eva was said not to be true she had no death on her conscience but she still felt that the story was really and that there was an Eva Smith. She is an honest deep thinker who thinks about the consequences of her actions on the day of Milward and how that led on to other unfortunate events. Sheila is not anymore as heartless as the others but she is sensitive she doesnt listen to the rest of her family when they say that the inspector was hoax and when they said that there was no suicide Youre pretending like everythings just as it was before. The rest of Sheilas family act like the inspector coming was a dream but Sheila isnt. Sheila is critical of family values she doesnt believe that the family can use their position in a manner that is not useful to other people around them. Finally, she is unwilling to revert to her pervious self; Sheila says to her family Youre ready to go on in the same old way. And Mr Birling says (Amused) and youre not, eh? Sheila says No, because I remember what he said, how he looked and what he made me feel. This is saying that she as learnt a lot from the inspector and she is never going to return to her old self. Sheila even rejects the ring offered back by Gerald because she knows that she is not ready yet and she needs to think. .

Self Reflection | Learning And Performance

Self Reflection | Learning And Performance Self-reflection is the self-analysis of knowing oneself. This section describes the self-reflection of the researcher on own learning and performance. It facilitates the researcher to analyse his progress by considering the changes in his strengths and weaknesses. It analyses diverse learning styles theories put forward by various experts and examines the learning style of the researcher during the International Master in Business Administration course. It also describes about the various skills that were gained throughout this course. The various skills include communications skills, report writing skills, presentation skills, research skills and team player skills. Background of the researcher: The researcher completed his Bachelors degree in Information Technology from Madras University, India. IT skills were learned during this period. After completion of the degree, he worked in three companies before coming to Dublin Business School for International MBA. The first two companies that the researcher worked were IT based companies and therefore, the theoretical skills learned during the bachelors degree were transformed to practical skills during the term. The first six months in a job is the time when a new person in the job finds it difficult to get used to the job. The researcher went through this phase and the transformation was not easy. With the help of senior staff in the company, things went smooth. In the first company, the researcher got the opportunity to talk to customers all around the world through telephone, which enhanced his communication skills. He also got the opportunity train new people, which developed the presentation skills. In the second company, the researcher supported the customers through email and chat. This helped to develop the writing skills of the researcher. With more experience, the researcher was given the role of a team leader in the second company he worked. This enabled him to gain leadership skills. The third company that the researcher worked was his own family business. It was very different from the information technology companies that he worked before as this had real world experience. The researcher got a practical insight to the real problems faced by a company that did manufacturing and retailing of steel products. With the IT skills gained from previous years, he computerised the company using management information systems (MIS). This made all the process in that company faster. After gaining some experience, the researcher set plans to learn more about business and chose to get a masters degree in business administration. This is why he chose International MBA course in Dublin Business School, Irel and. Through the MBA International programme in Dublin Business School, the researcher was able to develop the research skills, time management skills, self-learning ability and other skills. There were group works involved in the first semester of the course when helped the researcher to improve team player skills, presentation skills and communication skills. In the second semester of the course, the assignments and examinations helped the researcher to gain self-learning and time management skills. Writing the dissertation proposal in the second semester gave an insight about doing the research. Research and writing skills were improved during this period. All the work had to be completed in certain amount of time, which developed the time management skills of the researcher. These skills have been utilised now, when the researcher is doing the dissertation. The reflections of this learning process can be related to Kolbs learning cycle because of the scope of learning something new is always there. Another method of learning has also been used for the review that was proposed by Honey and Mumford. Learning Reflection and Style: Kolbs learning reflection: According to Kolb (1984), learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping experience and transforming it. He described four stages in a learning cycle and viewed it as a circular process which involves the four stages which are Concrete experience Active Experimentation Abstract conceptualisation Reflective observation According to Kolbs model, the experience lays the foundation for observation and reflection, which are incorporated and condensed into concepts. These concepts are then tested to get a new experience. The cycle of activities such as experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting occur in the learning process. There are four types of learning methods as shown in the figure below: Source: http://www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm Diverger: This is the combination of concrete experimentation and reflective observation. They look at things from various perspectives but prefer to watch things than doing things. They also tend to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. Assimilator: This is a combination of abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. These people can solve the problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They are less focused on people and are focused on ideas and abstract concepts. Converger: This is a combination of abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. They can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They prefer technical tasks and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects. Accommodator: This is the combination of concrete experimentation and active experimentation. They have the hands-on technique of solving problems. They rely on intuition rather than logic. They use others analysis and use a practical, experiential approach. During the International MBA course, the researcher used various learning styles in different situations. Assessing the researchers learning style according to the researcher has an accommodator style of learning. The researcher uses more trial and error method to solve the problems. This is a more practical approach to solve the problems even though it could be time consuming. The researcher feels that the proving things practically is better than talking the about the theoretical side of it. This enables the researcher to adapt to changes quickly to changing circumstances and allows making concrete decisions. Honey and Mumford Learning Style: Source: adapted from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htm) Honey and Mumford (2000), mentions that, the term learning style is used as a description of the attitudes and behaviours that determine an individuals preferred way of learning. According to them, there differnt of learning styles and categorise individuals into four types as shown in the figure above. Activists Reflectors Theorists Pragmatists Activists: They completely involve themselves into a new experience without any previous experience. They have the attitude of trying everything once. They act first and worry about the consequence later. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Reflectors: They are very cautious and thoughtful people who like to consider all possible angles and implications before making a move. They like to stand back and evaluate the previous experiences before they commit something. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Theorists: If it is logical, then its good is the main philosophy that is associated with theorists. They integrate observations into complex but logically sound theories. They think about solving a problem in logical, step-by-step manner. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) Pragmatists: They always positively search out for new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with its applications. They are always keen to see if the theory will work out practically. They are always associated with people taking practical decisions and solving problems. (Honey and Mumford, 2000) (Honey and Mumford, 2000, pp 11, 12) The researcher has more pragmatist style of learning. This is useful for the researcher in making quick decisions. The researcher likes to experiment a lot and get bored with long time activities. This is why for this research; the researcher tries to practically prove the things that have been mentioned in the theory. The MBA International program has helped the researcher to experiment the new ideas practically. Key Skills Learned from MBA International: The international MBA programme provided by the Dublin Business School helped the researcher to develop numerous amounts of skills through rigorous academic activities. Various activities included assignments, presentations, group work, exams and finally the dissertation. The skills that have been developed through the program can be divided into two. The first one is academic skills and the second one is personal skills. Academic Skills: The key academic skills that were learned were Research skills, Presentation skills, and Team player skills. Research Skills: Research and investigation skills are very important in terms of academic studies. It is the way one carry out the research about a particular subject. In this case, the researcher carried out different studies especially when doing the dissertation. Researcher understood about the different methods to be followed when doing a research. It was not as an easy task as the researcher had to consult the books, journals and magazines in order to find out the relevant information on the topic. Researcher also understood the importance of critical analysis, what different authors say about the same topic. Presentation Skills: The researcher developed this skill during the class time. The researcher had to give presentations for most of the modules which he did during the semester. Even though, there was trouble in the beginning because of the stage fear, things improved after some time. This gave him the real confidence to stand in front of a group of people without any fear. This would be very useful in future in a professional field. Team player skills: A few modules like International business management and integrated marketing communications had group work involved. This meant that the work would be equally divided among the team members and each had to do their own part. There were team members who would not cooperate for meetings or discussions. However, the researcher found his own ways to overcome this and ensured that the teamwork was done in the end. This would be helpful in future in a professional field as all the work these days are team based. Personal Skills: The key personal skills that were learned were communication skills, time management skills. Communication Skills: A cultural shock is customary for someone who has crossed the globe to study in a foreign country, which was the same for the researcher. The researcher found the communication slightly difficult in the beginning but later improved. The interaction with the international students in the class improved the communication skills of the researcher. The interaction with the lecturers and other staff in the college helped improve the communication skill by a great deal. Time management skills: Time management skills are very important for a person. During the MBA course and through the dissertation, the researcher had to set goals to be achieved in a specific time frame. The researcher had to meet the deadlines for various assignments, which he did successfully. This helped to improve time management skills by a great deal. Future application of the learning skills: The International MBA course has helped the researcher in developing many skills that lacking before. The hard skills of finance, marketing and operations and the soft skills such as communication, leadership and teamwork will be useful for the future. The research skills that were developed during the research will certainly help in the future to choose appropriate techniques and methods. With the help of presentation skills, the researcher will be able to convince people easily. The team player skills will enable him to work as part of a team without any problems. The improved communication skills will with an international exposure will give him the benefit when meeting other people. The time management will skills will help him to do things on time. The MBA program as a whole has contributed a fair deal in improving academic and behavioural competencies. The skills acquired throughout the MBA course will definitely help the researcher in career advancement.

Institutionalization Essay -- Business, Multinational Companies

The fast paced, ever changing, and volatile business climate of today affects the ability of multinational companies such as Hewlett-Packard to sustain a competitive advantage. In 2002 the company conducted a controversial acquisition of Compaq which led to lay-offs, infighting, and impacted their ability to implement structural changes. Hewlett-Packard is a widely respected company known for executing continuous improvement throughout all levels of the company. However, the challenge all companies face is the ability to implement and sustain intervention programs over a period of time to the degree that the changes become part of the organization’s functions. Thus, the strategies and framework Hewlett-Packard used to institutionalize intervention programs throughout its history will be examined. Institutionalization Process Institutionalization is embedding change processes brought on by effective interventions to an organization’s functioning for a prescribed period of time. Moreover the process of institutionalization consists of socialization, commitment, reward allocation, diffusion, and sensing and calibration. They are the by-products of two dimensions: organization characteristics (such as congruence and unionization) and intervention characteristics (goal specificity and programmability). When Hewlett-Packard (HP) acquired Compaq in 2002, the combination of these two dimensions produced the institutionalization processes. According to Cummings and Worley (2009), there are five factors of the institutionalization process (socialization, commitment, reward allocation, diffusion, and sensing and calibration) that determine long-term implementation of interventions. In other words, the degree to which these fa... ...ist organizations must maintain constant vigilance over environmental forces such as the economy and internal forces such as employee actions and behaviors that undermine the change process (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Conclusion Change strategies are part of every organization’s design. In order for an organization to have success with implementing persistent change all or the majority of institutionalization factors outlined must be present. The most compelling aspect of Hewlett-Packard’s interventions was emphasis on targeting the level of change at both the organization and department level. Finally, the aggressive structural changes Hewlett-Packard initiated during the course of its existence reflects the strategic planning and risk associated with sustaining a competitive advantage in the highly volatile information technology industry.

rave culture Essay -- essays research papers

Rave Culture What is a rave? Raving is a highly subjective experience. One person's best rave is another person's worst. Any attempt to analyze rave culture must recognize the highly personal factor of the experience. Author Daniel Martin defines a rave as â€Å"a long period of constant energetic and stylistic dancing exhibited by a large group of people in a hot, crowded facility providing continuous loud House music and an accompanying strobe lit psychedelic light show† . Since the beginning of this culture there has been much controversy on the legality of what goes on in the scene. Through the history, music, people, spirituality we are introduced to one of the newest things affecting pop culture today. Rave culture can be traced back to Native American religious ceremonies. It can be traced back to anarchist revolutions in Italy and France. It pulls energy from many different directions. It had its origins in Chicago and Detroit disco clubs and gay dance clubs. England and America traded musical influences back and forth during the late seventies-early eighties until techno finally started to be formed. The actual rave movement, however, combining this new music with dancing, occurred in England. At almost the exact same time, raves started popping up in Manchester and Ibiza, a noted English vacation spot, in late 1987 and early 1988. At this same time, the rave phenomenon was taking hold in Germany, most notably in Berlin. The popularity of raves grew in both countries, and soon the intimate all-night dance parties were drawing thousands of kids. The first U.S. raves were held in San Francisco, long noted for its liberal and psychedelic culture. From here, they moved to Los Angele s and the rave scene was born in California. The rave scene that was born in America was one of complete illegality. It began when Frankie Bones, a New York native and one of the U.S. DJ’s that was spinning in England, saw that the scene was moving into America, and wanted to bring it to his hometown of Brooklyn. He started a series of parties called Stormrave in early 1992. The parties started out small, 50-100 kids, and Frankie resorted to projecting videos of the massive raves in England to show kids what it was all about. It was during this period of Stormraves that many DJ’s made their debuts. The music at a rave is techno, primarily electronically created music that gener... ...rable and strangers become people to be loved. It was a perfect fit with the happy family that the rave scene was trying to create. There is a tangible energy that goes along with dancing to extremely loud beats with hundreds of other people. Raves are a shared experience. A sense of unity often develops among ravers, in which, personal creeds, race, gender, age, sexual preference and everything else that our society places so much emphasis on simply fades into the background. At a rave when everyone is dancing you experience a feeling of collective organism and I think people that have had this experience view the world differently afterwards. Another phrase commonly thrown around in circles of ravers is that of PLUR, which stands for Peace, Love, Unity and Respect. In many senses, PLUR is the dogma that ravers believe in. References: Jordan, Joel. Searching for the Perfect Beat. New York: Watson-Giptil Publications, 2000. Martin, Daniel. â€Å"Power Play and Party Politics: The Significance of Raving.† Journal of Pesch, Martin. â€Å"Techno Style.† Zurich: Edition Olms, 1998. Redhead, Steve, ed. Rave Off: Politics and Deviance in Contemporary Youth Culture. Aldershot: Avebury, 1993.